RD cells were preseeded in 96-well plates with 1 × 104 cells per well. Antisera or mAb 2G8 was serially diluted twofold and incubated with an equal volume of CVA10 (100 TCID50 per well) at 37°C for 1 hour. The mixtures were then added to cells and incubated at 37°C for 5 to 7 days. The cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed with microscopy, and a neutralizing titer was defined as the highest dilution giving >50% neutralization of the well. A neutralizing titer of antisera with values of ≥1:8 was considered as a threshold for positivity.

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The network was created by the STRING algorithm, and strong interactions are represented by thicker lines.

Statistical analysis.Statistical analyses were conducted by using GraphPad Prism 6 for analysis of variance (ANOVA). Asterisks in figures indicate statistical significance.

Zhang, M. et al. Water-extractable soil organic carbon and nitrogen affected by tillage and manure application. Soil Sci. 176, 307–312 (2011).

Cu2O nanocubes were synthesized by a modified process based on a previous report41. In a typical experiment, 0.3 g PVP was first dissolved in 270 mL DI water, and 30 mL of 0.02 M CuCl2•2H2O solution was added into the PVP solution. Then, 3.6 mL of 0.6 M NaOH was added drop wise (1 drop/s) into the above mixture solution with continual stirring. Finally, 4 mL of 0.3 M L-ascorbic acid was added drop wise into the mixture solution and it was further stirred for 5 min before being centrifuged at 9,500 rpm for 5 min. All of these procedures were carried out in a water bath at 35 °C. The obtained yellow precipitates were washed with excessive DI water and ethanol for several times to remove unreacted chemicals and PVP surfactants.

The yields of the five CBzs and their total value on the mass basis of the SFA (μg/g-fly ash) are shown in Fig. 1. The total chlorine in the CBzs (equation (1)) and the degree of chlorination (equation (2)) were calculated from these yields (Fig. 1). The inhibition ratios for CBzs formation with each inhibitor were calculated through equation (3) and presented in Fig. 2.

The Cd concentration of nutrient solutions, root, stem and leaf was measured prior to Cd purification by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) (Elan DRC-e, Perkin Elmer, USA). The Cd isotope ratios were measured by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). Cd isotope ratios were measured by 30 cycles for each sample with an internal precision of ±0.01‰ ∼ ±0.02‰ (RSD). The Cd isotope values were expressed as permil deviation relative to the Spex Cd standard solution:

Supplementary material for this article is available at http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/8/e1603198/DC1

Li, K. et al. Surface interactions affect the toxicity of engineered metal oxide nanoparticles toward Paramecium. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 25, 1675–1681 (2012).

Global Glycinates market Manufacturers: BASF SE Solvay S.A. Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Albion Laboratories, Inc. Shijiazhuang Donghua Jinlong Chemical Co., Ltd Galaxy Surfactants Ltd. Novotech Nutraceuticals, Inc. Dunstan Nutrition Limited Provit Chaitanya Biologicals Private Limited.

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